Backed by Science
Natural nitrate is converted to nitrite by bacteria on the tongue. As nitrite enters the blood stream it is converted to nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator responsible for boosting blood flow which increases oxygen supply to the working muscle, thereby enhancing endurance performance.
Sport and Medical Research
We had the pleasure of interviewing one of the greatest physiologists in the UK, Professor Andy Jones, who is a beetroot expert and pioneered the research into dietary nitrate supplementation at the University of Exeter.
Q&A
Read a transcript of the interview below:
Andy, when did your passion for exercise and sport science begin?
I think my interest probably began as an athlete myself – as a teenager I was reasonably successful as a distance runner and I wanted to learn more about the limits of performance and so I was naturally drawn to Sports Science. I did my first degree in Sports Science and eventually my PHD in Exercise Physiology and as my running career started to fall by the way side then I was able to put that same energy into studying the limitations to performance and so it was a natural sort of transition.
Why did you choose beetroot for your research?
Nitrate is contained in a variety of different vegetables; green leafy vegetables in particular, and a couple of fruits as well. We chose beetroot simply because it’s quite easy to administer because you can juice beetroot – and it’s very easy to consume in a liquid form – at a certain volume, which contains a certain amount of nitrate – and when you’re doing controlled laboratory experiments, that’s quite a nice capability to have. Whereas with something like lettuce or spinach, you wouldn’t ever quite know how much you were giving and to consume 100g of spinach prior to exercise is not quite so straightforward as consuming say, 70ml of beetroot juice
Why do you use concentrated beetroot shots for your research?
Beetroot is available in many forms and of course, if you were to consume say three or four beetroots you’d consume a certain amount of nitrate, which would be effective. But the problem is, you don’t really know exactly how much you’re going to get. So it’s much easier to consume a liquid than a solid – especially if you’re an athlete and you’re due to train or to compete. And of course the smaller the volume of fluid that you consume, the more convenient that is as well so using the concentrated shots we find is more palatable and easier, just logistically both for us and for our subjects than consuming the 500ml of juice that we did in our original experiments.
Placebo Shots
In conjunction with the University of Exeter, we developed the placebo shot, which is an identical version of the Nitrate 400 shot (in appearance and taste), except the nitrate has been removed.
Researchers worldwide use our placebo shots to conduct double-blind, placebo controlled trials, to eliminate the possibility of a ‘placebo effect’ and ultimately increase the robustness of their research.
We are happy to provide our Placebo Beet It Sport shots to teams and institutions worldwide for research. For more information please get in touch!
Research Papers
Below are a list of papers that have been published on the subject of the benefits of natural nitrate supplementation.
2023
- Physiological and performance effects of dietary nitrate and N-acetylcysteine supplementation during prolonged heavy-intensity cycling.
Journal of Sport Sciences
Tan et al. (2023) – University of Exeter, UK - Effects of beetroot juice intake on repeated performance of competitive swimmers.
Frontiers in Physiology.
Moreno et al. (2023) – Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Spain - Influence of Chronic Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Supplementation on the Endurance Performance of Active Winter Triathletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition.
Huang et al. (2023) – Shanghai University of Sport, China - Does Beetroot Supplementation Improve Performance in Combat Sports Athletes? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Nutrients.
Delleli et al. (2023) – National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances heavy load carriage performance in military cadets.
Eur J Appl Physiol
Bordonie et al. (2023) – James Madison University, US
2022
- The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness
Wong et al. (2022) – Nanyang Technological University, Singapore - Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance and Muscle Oxygenation during Resistance Exercise in Men.
Nutrients
Tan et al. (2022) – Pepperdine University, US - Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to master’s athletes.
Nitric Oxide
Shannon et al. (2022) – Newcastle University, UK - Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Isometric Muscle Strength, Rate of Torque Development and Isometric Endurance in Young Adult Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Study.
Nutrients
Poredoš et al. (2022) – University of Primorska, Slovenia - Beetroot Juice Produces Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Reduces Internal Load during Resistance Training in Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover.
Nutrients
Jurado-Castro et al. (2022) – University of Corboda, Spain - Effect of nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle motor unit activity during isometric blood flow restriction exercise.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Essen et al. (2022) – Manchester Metropolitan University, UK - The root of the matter nitrate‐rich beetroot juice reduces skeletal muscle O2 uptake during exercise.
J Physiol
Cross et al. (2022) – Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), US - Effects of dietary nitrate on the O2 cost of submaximal exercise: Accounting for "noise" in pulmonary gas exchange measurements.
J Sports Sci
Tan et al. (2022) – University of Exeter, UK - Factors that Moderate the Effect of Nitrate Ingestion on Exercise Performance in Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions.
Adv Nutr
Silva et al. (2022) – Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Brazil - Influence of Chronic Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Supplementation on the Endurance Performance of Active Winter Triathletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Am Nutr Assoc
Huang et al. (2022) – Shanghai University of Sport, China - The Effect of Dietary Nitrate on the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
J Am Nutr Assoc
Esen et al. (2022) – Manchester Metropolitan University, UK - Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Mass: A Systematic Review.
J Strength Cond Res
Anderson et al. (2022) – European University of Madrid, Spain - The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
Tan et al. (2022) – Pepperdine University, US - Effectiveness of beetroot juice derived nitrates supplementation on fatigue resistance during repeated-sprints: a systematic review.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
Rojas-Valverde et al. (2022) – Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Cost Rica
2021
- The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Nutrients
Wong et al. (2021) – Nanyang Technological University, Singapore - The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance exercise performance and cardiorespiratory measures in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Gao et al. (2021) – McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada - Effect of dietary nitrate on human muscle power: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Coggan et al. (2021) – Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, US - The Relationship between Resistance Exercise Performance and Ventilatory Efficiency after Beetroot Juice Intake in Well-Trained Athletes.
Nutrients
Serra-Payá et al. (2021) – TecnoCampus Pompeu Fabra University, Spain - Beetroot juice supplementation increases concentric and eccentric muscle power output. Original investigation.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Rodríguez-Fernández et al. (2021) – University Isabel I, Spain - Effect of hypoxia and nitrate supplementation on different high-intensity interval-training sessions.
Eur J Appl Physiol
Sousa et al. (2021) – University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal - Marching to the Beet: The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on high altitude exercise performance and adaptation during a military trekking expedition.
Nitric Oxide
Marshall et al. (2021) – Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, UCL, UK - Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Attenuates Morning-Associated Decrements in Supramaximal Exercise Performance in Trained Sprinters.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Dumar et al. (2021) – Samford University, US
2020
- Beetroot juice supplementation increases concentric and eccentric muscle power output.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Rodríguez-Fernández at el. (2020) – University of Loughborough, UK - Acute effects of beetroot juice supplements on resistance training: a randomised double-blind crossover
Nutrients
Ranchal-Sanchez et al. (2020) – University of Cordoba, Spain - The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength, and countermovement jump performance.
European Journal of Sport Science
Jonvik et al. (2020) – HAN University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands - Chronic Beetroot Juice Supplementation Accelerates Recovery Kinetics following Simulated Match Play in Soccer Players.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Daab et al. (2020) – University of Sfax, Tunisia - Could intramuscular storage of dietary nitrate contribute to its ergogenic effect? A mini review.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Nyakayiru et al. (2020) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, Netherlands - Does Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improve Neuromuscular Performance and Match Activity in Young Basketball Players?
Nutrients
Lopez-Samanes et al. (2020) – Universidad Francisco de Victoria, Spain - Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Physical Performance in Highly Competitive Tennis Players.
Nutrients
Lopez-Samanes et al. (2020) – Universidad Francisco de Victoria, Spain - Effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise capacity, mitochondria respiration and vascular function in heart failure reduced ejection fraction.
Journal of Applied Physiology
Woessner et al. (2020) – Victoria University, Australia - Influence of muscle oxygenation and nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on O2 uptake kinetics and exercise tolerance.
Nitric Oxide
Cocksedge et al. (2020) – University of Exeter, UK
2019
- Consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice with or without vitamin C supplementation increases the excretion of urinary nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds in humans
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Berends at el (2019) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, NL - Dietary nitrate supplementation alters the oral microbiome but does not improve the vascular responses to an acute nitrate dose
Nitric Oxide
Burleigh et al (2019) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia
Nitric Oxide
Rokkedal-Lausch et al (2019) – Aalborg University, DK - A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of the Effect of Beetroot Juice Containing Dietary Nitrate on Aorta and Brachial Blood Pressure Over 24hr
Frontiers in Physiology
Kukadia et al (2019) – University College London, UK - Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Performance during Maximum Effort Leg Extension Exercise
Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Trexler et al (2019) – North Carolina University, US - Influence of dietary inorganic nitrate on blood pressure and vascular function in hypertension: prospective implications for adjunctive treatment
Journal of Applied Physiology
Broxterman et al (2019) – University of Utah, US - A randomized pilot study of nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice in acute respiratory failure
Nitric Oxide
Files et al (2019) – Wake Forest School of Medicine, US - A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal knee extensor angular velocity and power in healthy older men and women
Nutrients
Amaral et al (2019) – Federal University of Uberlândia, BR - The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia
Journal of Sport Sciences
Kent et al (2019) – The University of Western Australia, AUS - Dietary nitrate improved exercise capacity in COPD but not blood pressure or pulmonary function: a 2 week, double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Kerley et al (2019) – Dublin Institute of Technology, IRE - Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressures and pulse wave characteristics in post-menopausal women
Nitric Oxide
Kim et al (2019) – Penn State University, US - Variability in nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and nitric oxide metabolites in biological fluids following dietary nitrate administration: An assessment of the critical difference
Nitric Oxide
Liddle et al (2019) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Impact of Red Beetroot Juice on Vascular Endothelial Function and Cardio metabolic Responses to a High-Fat Meal in Middle-Aged/Older Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Crossover Study
Nutrition in Health and Disease
Litwin et al (2019) – Colarado State University, US - Acute Supplementation with Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Causes a Greater Increase in Plasma Nitrite and Reduction in Blood Pressure of Older Compared to Younger Adults
Nutrients
Stanaway et al (2019) – Massey University, NZ - The Effects of Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Microvascular Function and Large-Vessel Endothelial Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Older Adults
Nutrients
T Jones et al (2019) – Bangor University, UK - “Beet” the cold: beetroot juice supplementation improves peripheral blood flow, endothelial function, and anti-inflammatory status in individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon
Journal of Applied Physiology
Shepherd et al (2019) – University of Portsmouth, UK - Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on microvascular physiology at 4559m altitude – A randomised controlled trial (Xtreme Alps)
Nitric Oxide
Cumpstey et al (2019) – Southampton General Hospital, UK
2018
- IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Maughen et al (2018) – St Andrews University, UK - What’s in your beet juice? Nitrate and nitrite content of beet juice products marketed to athletes
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Gallardo & Coggan(2018) – Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, US - Dietary nitrate from beetroot juice for hypertention: a systematic review
Nutrients
Ocampo et al(2018) – Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldres, Bogata, CO - Variability in nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and nitric oxide metabolites in biological fluids following dietary nitrate administration
Nitric Oxide
Liddle et al(2018) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Cardiac effects of 6 months’ dietary nitrate and spironolactone in patients with hypertention and with/at risk of type 2 diabetes , in the factorial design, double-blind, randomised-controlled, VASERA TRIAL
Open Access
Mills et al(2018) – Kings College London (BHF), UK - Impact of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation during Exercise in Hypertensive WomenMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Calwell et al(2018) – Kansas State University, US - Potential benefits of dietary nitrate ingestion in healthy and clinical populations: a brief review
British Journal of Sports Medicine
McDonaugh et al (2018) – University of Exeter, UK - The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy, rating perceived exertion and running mechanics in elite distance runners: a double-blinded randomised study
PLOS ONE
Balsalobre-Fernandez et al (2018) – Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain - Dietary nitrate-induced increases in human muscle power: high versus low responders
Physiological Reports
Coggan et al (2018) – Indiana University, US - Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on Performance and Fatigue in a 30-s All-Out Sprint Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind Cross-Over Study
Nutrients
Cuenca et al (2018) – TecnoCampus-Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Spain - Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Garnacho-Castano et al (2018) – TecnoCampus-Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Spain - Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension – results from BEET-PAH an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
Journal of Cardiac Failure
Henrohn et al (2018) – Uppsala University, SWE - The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxiaJournal of Sports Science
Kent et al (2018) – The University of Western Australia, AUS - Dietary nitrate improved exercise capacity in COPD but not blood pressure or pulmonary function: a 2 week, double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Kerley et al (2018) – Connolly Hospital Dublin, IRE - Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation, from beetroot juice, on blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant women: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial
Nitric Oxide
Kerley et al (2018) – University of Manchester, UK - Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Vanhatalo et al (2018) – University of Exeter, UK - A single dose of beetroot juice improves endothelial function but not tissue oxygenation in pregnant women: a randomised clinical trial
British Journal of Nutrition
Volino-Souza et al (2018) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Beet the Best? Dietary Inorganic Nitrate to Augment Exercise Training in Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease with Intermittent Claudication
Circulation Research
Woessner et al (2018) – Victoria University, AUS - Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents
American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology
Rasic et al (2018) – Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, ITA - Dietary nitrate lowers ambulatory blood pressure in treated, uncontrolled hypertension: a 7-d, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
British Journal of Nutrition
Kerley et al (2018) – Hospital Blachardstown Dublin, IRE - Mechanisms underlying blood pressure reduction by dietary inorganic nitrate
Acta Physiologica
Carlstrom et al (2018) – Karolinska Institute, SWE - Nitrate, the oral microbiome, and cardiovascular health: a systematic literature review of human and animal studies
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Blekkenhorst et al (2018) – University of Western Australia, AUS - Cerebral blood flow measurements in adults: a review on the effects of dietary factors and exercise
Nutrients
Joris et al (2018) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, NL - Salivary nitrite production is elevated in individuals with a hgih abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Burleigh et al (2018) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Influence of dietary nitrate supplementtaion on lung function and exercise gas exchange in COPD patients
Nitric Oxide
Mehrdad et al (2018) – Florida Hospital, US - Acute Effects of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Hemostasis and Vascular Inflammation Markers in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Nutrients
Raubenheimer et al (2018) – Queensland University of Technology, AUS - Beetroot supplementation improved the physiological responses to incline walkingEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology
Waldron et al (2018) – St Mary’s University, UK - Acute ingestion of dietary nitrate increases muscle blood flow via local vasodilation during handgrip exercise in young adults
Physiological Reports
Richards et al (2018) – Colerado State University, US - Beetroot increased muscle performance and oxygenation during sustained isometric exercise, but does not alter muscle oxidative efficiency and microvascular reactivity at rest
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Papadopoulos et al (2018) – Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GK - Effect of organic and inorganic nitrates on cerebrovascular pulsatile power transmission in patients with heart failure and preserved efection fractionPhysiolgical Measurement
Londono-Hoyos et al (2018) – Universiteit Gent, BE - Repeated-sprint performance and plasma responses following beetroot juice supplementation do not differ between recreational, competitive and elite sprint athletesEuropean Journal of Sport Science
Jonvik et al (2018) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, NL - Acute beetroot juice administration improves peak isometric force production in adolescent males
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
Bender et al (2018) – Lipscomb University, US - Nitrate-rich dietary supplementation during pregnancy: the pros and consPregnancy Hypertension
Bahadoran et al (2018) – Sahahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran - Influence of dietary nitrate food forms on nitrate metabolism and blood pressure in healthy normotensive adults
Nitric Oxide
McDonaugh et al (2018) – University of Exeter, UK - Beetroot juice ingestion during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise attenuates progressive rise in O2 uptake
Journal of Applied Physiology
Tan et al (2018) – University of Exeter, UK - Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on a 30-s high-intensity inertial cycle ergometer test Nutrients
Dominguez et al (2018) – Alfonso X el Sabio University, Spain - Changes in body posture alter plasma nitrite but not nitrate concentration in humans
Nitric Oxide
Liddle et al (2018) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Acute ingestion of beetroot juice increases exhaled nitric oxide in healthy individuals PLOS ONE
Kroll et al (2018) – Southern Methodist University Dallas, US - The nitrate-independent blood pressure-lowering effect of beetroot juice: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Advances in Nutrition
Bahadoran et al (2018) – Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran - Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses to submaximal cycling in the heat
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Kent et al (2018) – University of Western Australia, AUS - The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on dynamic apnea and intermittent sprint performance in elite female water polo players International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Jonvik et al (2018) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, NL - Effect of dietary nitrate levels on nitrate fluxes in rat skeletal muscle and liver
Nitric Oxide
Gilliard et al (2018) – Penn State University, US - Dietary nitrate supplementation opposes the elevated diaphram blood flow in chronic heart failure during submaximal exercise
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
Smith et al (2018) – Kansas State University, US - Nitrate Supplement Benefits Contractile Forces in Fatigued but Not Unfatigued Muscle
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Tillin et al (2018) – University of Roehampton, UK - Does dietary nitrate say NO to cardiovascular ageing? Current evidence and implications for research.
Procedings of the Nutrition Society
Siervo et al (2018) – Newcastle University, UK - Time-trial Performance in World-Class Speed Skaters After Chronic Nitrate Ingestion
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Richard et al (2018) – Universite Laval, Quebec, CAN - Effects of Single-Dose Dietary Nitrate on Oxygen Consumption During and After Maximal and Submaximal Exercise in Healthy Humans: A Pilot Study
International Journal of Exercise Science
Kocoloski and Creclius (2018) – University of Dalton, US - Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on conduit artery blood flow, muscle oxygenation, and metabolic rate during handgrip exercise
Journal of Applied Physiology
Craig et al (2018) – Kansas State University, US - Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Attenuate Oxidative Stress or the Hemodynamic Response During Submaximal Exercise in Hypobaric Hypoxia
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
Carriker et al (2018) – High Point University, US - Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in a hot environment
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Amano et al (2018) – Kobe University, Japan - Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Dominguez et al (2018) – Alfonso X el Sabio University, Spain - Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in coronary artery disease patients on clopidogrel therapy: a randomised, couble-blind, placebo-controlled study
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
Clifford et al (2018) – Cardiff University Medical School, UK - Increasing vegetable intake to obtain the health promoting and ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Van der Avoort CMT et al (2018) – Maastricht University Medical Centre, NL - Long-term dietary nitrite and nitrate deficiency causes metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular death in mice
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi
Kina-Tanada et al (2018) – University of the Ryukyus, JP - Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces low frequency blood pressure fluctuations in rats following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion
Jorunal of Applied Physiology
Allan et al (2018) – University of Otago, NZ - A pilot study investigating reactive oxygen species production in capillary blood after a marathon and the influence of an antioxidant-rich beetroot juice
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism
Clifford et al (2018) – Newcastle University, UK - Eight weeks of nitrate supplemention improves blood flow and reduces the exaggerated presser response during forearm exercise in peripheral arterial disease
American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology
Kruse et al (2018) – University of Iowa, US - Sodium nitrate supplementation alters mitochondrial H2O2 emission but does not improve mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the heart of healthy rats
American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology
Monaco et al (2018) – McMaster University, CAN
2017
- The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Cycling Performance in the Heat in Well-Trained Cyclists
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
McQuillan et al (2017) – University of WaIkato, NZ - Performance and health benefits of dietary nitrate supplementation in older adults: a systematic review
Nutrients
Stanaway et al (2017) – Massey University, NZ - Muscle oxygenation profiles between active and inactive muscle with nitrate supplementation under hypoxic exercise
Physiological Reports
Horiuchi et al (2017) – Mt. Fuji Research Institute, JP - Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the response to extremity cooling and endothelial function in individuals with cold sensitivity. A double blind, placebo controlled, crossover, randomised control trial
Nitric Oxide
Englin et al (2017) – University of Portsmouth, UK - Effects of supervised exercise and dietary nitrate in older adults with controlled hypertension and or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Nitric Oxide
Shaltout et al (2017) – Wake Forest University, US - Physiological and performance effects of nitrate supplementation during roller-skiing in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia
Nitric Oxide
Nyback et al (2017) – Mid Sweden University, SWE - Dietary nitrate supplementation opposes the elevated diaphram blood flow in chronic heart failure during submaximal exercise
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
Smith et al (2017) – Kansas State University, US - The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the spatial heterogeneity of quadriceps deoxygenation during heavy-intensity cycling
Physiological Reports
Breese et al (2017) – Plymouth University, UK - Dietary beetroot juice – effects on physical performance in COPD patients: a randomized controlled crossover trial
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
Friis et al (2017) – Aarhus University, DEN - Dietary nitrate restores compensatory vasodilation and exercise capacity in response to a compromise in oxygen delivery in the non-compensator phenotype
Journal of Applied Physiology
Bentley et al (2017) – Queens University, CAN - Beetroot Juice Increases Human Muscle Force Without Changing Ca2+-handling Proteins
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Whitfield et al (2017) – University of Guelph, CAN - Acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study
American Journal of Physiology
Notay et al (2017) – University of Guelph, CAN - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Shannon et al (2017) – Leeds Beckett University, UK - Beet Root Juice: An Ergogenic Aid for Exercise and the Aging Brain
Journals of Gerontology
Petrie et al (2017) – Wake Forest University, US - Beetroot juice supplementation improves high-intensity intermittent type exercise performance in trained soccer players
Nutrients
Nyakayiru et al (2017) – Maastricht University, NL - Dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Hirai et al (2017) – Queens University, Canada - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances short but not longer duration running time-trial performance
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Shannon et al (2017) – Leeds Beckett University, UK - Influence of iodide ingestion on nitrate metabolism and blood pressure following short-term dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy normotensive adults
Nitric Oxide
Bailey et al (2017) – University of Exeter, UK - Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on swimming performance in trained swimmers
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Lowings et al (2017) – Leeds Beckett University, UK - Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. A systematic review
Nutrients
Dominguez et al (2017) – Alfonso X el Sabio University, Spain - Association of dietary nitrate with atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality: a prospective cohort study of older adult women
American Society for Nutrition
Blekkenhorst et al (2017) – University of Western Australia, AUS - Effects of nitrate supplementation in trained and untrained muscle is modest with initial high plasma nitrite levels
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
Christensen et al (2017) – University of Copenhagen, DEN - The effects of multi-day vs. single pre-exercise nitrate supplement dosing on simulated cycling time trial performance and skeletal muscle oxygenation
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Jo et al (2017) – California State Polytechnic University, US - Effects of a Short-Term High-Nitrate Diet on Exercise Performance
Nutrients
Porcelli et al (2017) – University of Louisville, US - Oral Nitrate Increases Microvascular Reactivity and the Number of Visible Perfused Micro vessels in Healthy Volunteers
Journal of Vascular Research
Kolb et al (2017) – Université Libre de Bruxelles, BG - Sodium nitrate ingestion increases skeletal muscle nitrate content in humans
Journal of Applied Physiology
Nyakayiru et al (2017) – Maastricht University, NL - Dietary nitrate and blood pressure: evolution of a new nutrient?
Cambridge Journals in Nutrition Research Reviews
Ashworth et al (2017) – Plymouth University, UK - The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the adaptations to sprint interval training in previously untrained males
Science and Medicine in Sport Society
Muggeridge et al (2017) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Dietary nitrate load lowers blood pressure and renal restive index in patients with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study
Nitric Oxide
Kemmner et al (2017) – Technical University of Munich, Germany - Dietary interventions for fetal growth restriction therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate supplementation in pregnancy
The Journal of Physiology
Cottrell et al (2017) – University of Manchester, UK
2016
- Beet Root Juice: An Ergogenic Aid for Exercise and the Aging Brain
Journals of Gerontology
Petrie et al (2016) – Wake Forest University, US - A stepwise reduction in plasma and salivary nitrite with increasing strengths of mouthwash following a dietary nitrate load
Nitric Oxide
Woessner et al (2016) – Victoria University, AUS - Influence of beetroot juice ingestion on intermittent exercise performance
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Wylie et al (2016) – University of Exeter, UK - One Week of Daily Dosing With Beetroot Juice Improves Submaximal Endurance and Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Heart Failure
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Eggebeen et al (2016) – Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, US - Dietary nitrate enhances arterial oxygen saturation after dynamic apnea
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports
Patrician & Schagatay (2016) – Mid Sweden University, SWE - Impact of flavanoid-rich black tea and beetroot juice on postprandial peripheral vascular resistance and glucose homeostasis in obese, insulin-resistant men: a randmized controlled trial
BioMed Central, Nutrition & Metabolism
Fuchs et al (2016) -Â Radbound University Medical Center, NL - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances high-intensity running performance in moderate normobaric hypoxia, independant of aerobic fitness
Nitric Oxide
Shannon et al (2016) – Leeds Beckett University, UK - Increase in maximal cycling power with acute dietary nitrate supplementation
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Rimer et al (2016) – University of Utah, US - Nitrate-Rich Vegetables Increase Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations and Lower Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults
The Journal of Nutrition
Jonvik et al (2016) -Â Maastricht University, NL - Beetroot juice supplementation improves exercise performance in soccer players
Nyakayiru et al (2016) – Maastricht University, NL - Dietary Nitrate supplementation attenuates the reduction in exercise tolerance following blood donation
American Journal of Physiology
Jones et al (2016) – University of Exeter, UK - Dietary nitrate supplementation improves sprint and high-intensity intermittent running performance
Nitric Oxide
Jones et al (2016) – University of Exeter, UK - Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on physiological and muscle metabolic adaptations to sprint interval training
Journal of Applied Physiology
Thompson et al (2016) – University of Exeter, UK - Is it rocket science – why dietary nitrate is hard to ‘beet’! Part I: twists and turns in the realization of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Khatri et al (2016) – Kings College London (BHF), UK - Is it rocket science – why dietary nitrate is hard to ‘beet’! Part II: further mechanisms and theraputic potential of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway
Brisitsh Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Mills et al (2016) – Kings College London (BHF), UK - Dietary nitrate and skeletal muscle contractile function in heart failure
Circulation Heart Failure Reports
Coggan & Peterson (2016) – Washington University, US - The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sports Medicine
McMahon et al (2016) – University of Queensland, AUS - Habitual dietary nitrate intake in well-trained athletes
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Jonvik et al (2016) – HAN University of Applied Sciences, NL - Does the ergogenicity of dietary nitrate depend on specific effects on type II muscle?
Exercise and Sport Science Reviews
Jones et al (2016) – University of Exeter, UK - Comparison of Total Antioxidant Potential, and Total Phenolic, Nitrate, Sugar, and Organic Acid Contents in Beetroot Juice, Chips, Powder, and Cooked Beetroot
Food Science and Biotechnology
Vasconcellos et al (2016) – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BR
2015
- Inorganic nitrate supplementation improves muscle oxygenation, O2 uptake kinetics, and exercise tolerance at high but not low pedal rates
Journal of Applied Physiology
Bailey et al (2015) – University of Exeter, UK - Dietary nitrate improves sprint performance and cognitive function during prolonged intermittent exercise
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Jones et al (2015) – University of Exeter, UK - Dietary nitrate modulates cerebral blood flow parameters and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation
Physiology & Behaviour
Wightman et al (2015) – Northumbria University, UK - Effects of handgrip exercise or inorganic nitrate supplementation on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and peripheral arterial function in overweight and obese middle age and older adults: a pilot RCT
Maturitas
Lara et al (2015) – Newcastle University, UK - Acute dietary nitrate intake improves muscle contractile function in patients with heart failure
Circulation Heart Failure
Coggan et al (2015) – Washington University School of Medicine, US - Effect of acute dietary nitrate intake on maximal knee-extensor speed and power in healthy men and women
Nitric Oxide
Coggan et al (2015) – Washington University School of Medicine, US - Effects of dietary nitrate, caffeine, and their combination on 20-km cycling time trial performance
Journal of strength and conditioning research
Glasister et al (2015) – St Mary’s University College, UK - Dietary nitrate reduces the O2 cost of desert marching but elevates the rise in core temperature
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Kuennen et al (2015) -High Point University, US - Dietary nitrate provides sustained blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients: a randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Hypertension
Kapil et al (2015) – Queen Mary University of London (WHRI), UK - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves arterial endothelial function at high altitude: a double-blinded randomized controlled cross over study
Nitric Oxide
Bakker et al (2015) – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N - The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of cycling, walking performance and resting blood pressure in individuals with chronic pulmonary disease: a double blind placebo controlled, randomised control trial
Nitric Oxide
Shepherd et al (2015) – University of Exeter, UK - Dietary nitrate supplementation in COPD: an acute, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
Nitric Oxide
Kerley et al (2015) – University College Dublin, IRE - Effects of sodium phosphate and beetroot juice supplementation on repeated-sprint ability in females
European Journal of Applied Physiology Buck et al (2015) – University of Western Austraila, AUS - Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance and decreases blood pressure in COPD patients
Nitric Oxide Berry et al (2015) – Wake Forest University, US - Beetroot juice improves on-water 500m time-trial performance, and laboratory-based paddling economy in national and international-level kayak athletes
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Peeling et al (2015) – University of Western Australia, AUS - Dietary nitrate improves vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlledstudy
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Ahluwalia et al (2015) -Queen Mary University of London (WHRI), UK - Effect of inorgnic nitrate on exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart Failure
Zamani et al (2015) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, US - Dietary inorganic nitrate and acute increases in exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Woessner & Mary (2015) – Victoria University, AUS - Effect of acute dietary nitrate consumption on oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise in hypobaric hypoxia
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Carriker et al (2015) – Indiana State University, US - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation enhances compensatory vasodilation during hypoxic exercise in older adults
Journal of Applied Physiology
Casey et al (2015) – University of Iowa, US - Effects of chronic dietary nitrate supplementation on the hemodynamic response to dynamic exercise
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Lee et al (2015) – Kyung Hee University, SKR - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise performance in COPD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled pilot study
PLOS ONE
Curtis et al (2015) – Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust Imperial College, UK - A double blind randomized placebo control crossover trial on the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance in stable moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Leong et al (2015) -Â Monash Medical Centre, AUS - Dietary nitrate enhances power output during the early phases of maximal intensity sprint cycling
University of Lincoln Corry et al (2015) – University of Lincoln, UK - Ageing modifies the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on 24-hour blood pressure variability: An individual participant meta-analysis
Nitric Oxide Siervo et al (2015) – Newcastle University, UK - Short-term dietary nitrate supplementation augments cutaneousvasodilation and reduces mean arterial pressure in healthy humans
Microvascular Research
Keen et al (2015) – Kansas State University, US - Aerobic fitness affects the exercise performance responses to nitrate supplementation
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Porcelli et al (2015) – University of Louisville, US - High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women
Public Health Nutrition
Ashworth et al (2015) – University of Exeter, UK - Short-term effects of a high nitrate diet on nitrate metabolism in healthy individuals
Nutrients
Bondonno et al (2015) – University of Western Austraila, AUS - Suppression of erythropoiesis by dietary nitrate
FASEB Journal
Ashmore et al (2015) – University of Cambridge, UK
2014
- A single dose of beetroot juice enhances cycling performance in simulated altitude
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Muggeridge et al (2014) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation decreases blood pressure and increases dry static apnea performance in females
Journal of Exercise Physiology online
Collofello et al (2014) – University of St. Francis, US - The effect of variable doses of inorganic nitrate-rich beetroot juice on simulated 2000-m rowing performance in trained athletes
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Hoon et al (2014) – University of Sydney, AUS - Dietary nitrate reduces skeletal muscle oxygenation response to physical exercise: a quantitative muscle functional MRI study
Physiological Reports
Bentley et al (2014) – University of Aberdeen, UK - Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on 30-second wingate performance in healthy collegiate males
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Rothwell & Alkhatib (2014) – Sheffield Hallam University, UK - Nitrate supplementation enhances the contractile properties of human skeletal muscle
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Haider & Folland (2014) – Loughborough University, UK - Dietary nitrate supplementation improves reaction time in type 2 diabetes: development and application of a novel nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo
Nitric Oxide
Gilchrist et al (2014) – University of Exeter, UK - Inorganic nitrate supplementation improves exercise capacity in subjects with HF with preserved EF: a pilot study
Journal of Cardiac Failure
Zamani et al (2014) – University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, US - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise in COPD
Thorax
Curtis et al (2014) – Imperial College London, UK - Dietary nitrate accelerates post-exercise muscle metabolic recovery and O2 delivery in hypoxia
Journal of Applied Physiology
Vanhatalo et al (2014) – University of Exeter, UK - Beetroot supplementation lowers daily systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects
Nutrition Research
Jajja et al (2014) – Newcastle University, UK - Dietary nitrate supplementation: effects on plasma nitrite and pulmonary O2 uptake dynamics during exercise in hypoxia and normoxia
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
Kell et al (2014) – University of Exeter, UK - Dose dependent effects of nitrate supplementation on cardiovascular control and microvascular oxygen dynamics in healthy rats
Nitric Oxide
Ferguson et al (2014) – Kansas State University, US
2013
- Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Wylie et al (2013) – University of Exeter, UK - Effects of nitrate on the power-duration relationship for severe-intensity exercis
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Kelly et al (2013) – University of Exeter, UK - Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamics and dose-response relationships
Journal of Applied Physiology
Wylie et al (2013) – University of Exeter, UK - Beetroot juice supplementation speeds O2 uptake kinetics and improves exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise
American Journal of Physiology
Breese et al (2013) – Liverpool Hope University, UK - Influence of nitrate supplementation on VO2 kinetics and endurance of elite cyclists
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Christensen et al (2013) – University of Copenhagen, DK - Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on human skeletal muscle metabolism and force production during maximum voluntary contractions
European Journal of Physiology
Fulford et al (2013) – University of Exeter, UK - Likely additive ergogenic effects of combined preexercise dietary nitrate and caffeine ingestion in trained cyclists
International Scholarly Research Notices: Nutrition
Handzlik & Gleeson (2013) – University of Nottingham Medical School, UK - Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on 5 km running time trial performance in trained female runners
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Lanceley et al (2013) – Sheffield Hallam University, UK - Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on physiological and cognitive responses to incremental cycle exercise
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
Thompson et al (2013) – University of Canberra, AUS - Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Ferguson et al (2013) – Kansas State University, US
2012
- Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves dry static apnea performance
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
Engan et al (2012) – Mid Sweden University, SWE - Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel beetroot enriched bread products in normotensive male subjects
British Journal of Nutrition
Hobbs et al (2012) – University of Reading, UK - Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on 50 mile time trial performance in well-trained cyclists
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Wilkerson et al (2012) – University of Exeter, UK - Nitrate supplementation’s improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Cermak et al (2012) – McMaster University, CAN - The effects of a single dose of concentrated beetroot juice on performance in trained flatwater kayakers
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Muggeridge et al (2012) – University of the West of Scotland, UK - Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel beetroot-enriched bread products in normotensive male subjects
British Journal of Nutrition
Hobbs et al (2012) – University of Reading, UK - Enhanced vasodilaor activity of nitrite in hypertension: critical role for erythrocytic xanthine oxidoreductase and translational
Hypertension
Ghosh et al (2012) – Queen Mary University of London (WHRI), UK - Dietary nitrate improves muscle but not cerebral oxygenation status during exercise in hypoxia
Journal of Applied Physiology
Masschelein et al (2012) – University of Leuven, B - Dietary nitrate supplementation improves rowing performance in well-trained rowers
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Bond et al (2012) – Waikato Institute of Technology, NZ
2011
- Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placebo-controlled study
Journal of Applied Physiology
Lansley et al (2011) – University of Exeter, UK - Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves cycling time trial performance
American College of Sports Medicine - A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioacessible antioxidants
Journal of Functional Foods
Wootton-Beard & Ryan (2011) – Oxford Brooks University, UK - Dietary nitrate reduces metabolic perturbation and improves exercise tolerance in hypoxia
Journal of Physiology
Vanhatalo et al (2011) – University of Exeter, UK - “Dietary nitrate – a slow train coming?”
European Journal of Applied Physiology (November 2011)
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm – Prof Jon Lundberg et al - “A toast to health and performance! Beetroot juice lowers blood pressure and the O2 cost of exercise”
Journal of Applied Physiology 110: 585-586 (2011)
Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, Centre for Exercise Science, University of Florida - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease
Journal of Applied Physiology
Kenjale et al (2011) – Duke University, US - Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans
Cell Metabolism
arsen et al (2011) – Karolinska Institutet, SWE - Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Kenjale et al (2011) – Duke University Medical Centre, US
2010
- Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans
Journal of Applied Physiology
Bailey et al (2010) – University of Exeter, UK - Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderate intensity and incremental exercise
American Journal of Physiology
Vanhatalo et al (2010) – University of Exeter, UK - Inorganic nitrate supplementation lowers blood pressure in humans – role for nitrite – derived NO
Hypertension
Kapil et al (2010) – Queen Mary University of London (WHRI), UK
2009
Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans – using Beet ItJournal of Applied Physiology
Bailey et al (2009) – University of Exeter, UK
2008
Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitriteHypertension
Webb et al (2008) – Queen Mary University of London (WHRI), UK
2007
Effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen cost during exerciseActa Physiologica
Larsen et al (2007) – Karolinska Institutet, SWE
2006
Effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure in healthy volunteersThe New England Journal of Medicine
Larsen et al (2006) – Karolinska Institutet, SWE
Against Animal Testing
James White Drinks Ltd does not conduct, fund or commission any research involving laboratory animals. Beet It shots are used in medical research as a natural source of dietary nitrate, and research ethics committees have approved for Beet It shots to be used for human trials without completing animal trials first. We encourage all third-party scientists who use Beet It shots in their research to avoid using animals in laboratory experiments.